Based on the comparative advantage of the four major state-controlled bank's credit business model construction Abstract: China's four state-controlled commercial banks, the main draw on the current credit model the practice of U.S. commercial banks, customer credit rating as the starting point,MBT schuhe, the implementation of a single branch of a single customer's business. In terms of its four lines, in fact, avoid short-long-Jan. Four lines should be based on characteristics of the modern market, take full advantage of the advantages of network and customer base, reconstruction of the credit model, in order to achieve sound and rapid development of credit operations. Keywords: credit model; credit rating; market transactions; a state-controlled banks, of the problem Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Construction Bank, Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China and other four state-controlled banks (hereinafter referred to as the four lines) is in the light of the current credit model, borrowing from commercial banks in the United States in particular, builds on the credit model. Such as the Construction Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank credit to the respective business models in the United States Bank, Goldman Sachs Group and other strategic investors, established under the direct help. The main features of this model, first, the credit ratings as a starting point for the credit business. Companies must be rated, after the credit, and then the letter. They can get credit, credit line size, the length of time required and the mortgage-backed security which the rate depends on its credit rating. Second, loans are often taken to not involved in and control of their trading activities, is a passive management. Third, credit risk management, emphasis on a single branch of a single customer management, did not consider the linkage between the different branches. Even if the customer's credit to the Group, the leading bank and operate the business requirements of the line is not much interaction. Construction Bank to group customers, such as credit management,MBT schuhe,On the Accounting File Management _2715, given the lead responsibility of line and line managers, but also the internal customers of the Group mainly exchange management information, while monitoring the operation of its funds, the loan repayment terms of the basic problem is no clear linkage requirements . Present, theorists of commercial banks to improve credit management recommendations focus on: According to the requirements of the New Basel Capital Accord, the introduction of advanced metering Economics method of design and development of internal rating models, credit enhancement the scientific nature of risk measurement (Gu Xiaoqiang, 2008; Qiaofang Liang, 2009); will focus on credit risk management by individual customers or various combinations of turning a single transaction, such as industry mix, the state portfolio, credit risk and market risk of the portfolio, etc. (Cheng Chong, 2008). Four lines to improve their credit management determined the direction, focus has mainly the introduction of industry, region, risk factors such as macroeconomic fundamentals to build a strong information system, development for all types of corporate credit rating model, the implementation of centralized management of large enterprises SMEs professional management, risk management lines, and further strengthen the credit management, approval, risk management checks and balances. Can be seen, the current theory and banking sectors are in accordance with the characteristic deepening perfect. I believe that we can not blindly follow the international trend, as the United States, Steil.B, Litan.RE, 2006). Young should not be short to avoid the four lines long, but should be based on China's market environment,abercrombie fitch, a clear understanding of their advantages and disadvantages of proceeding from reality and build a more effective credit model. Second, the four-line analysis of the current weaknesses in the credit mode physical state of the economy and the four factors of the line restricting their credit rating and effective manner. From the external environment, small and medium enterprises in China accounted for about 99% of the total, most of their financial systems and different specifications, historical operating and financial data accumulation incomplete and can not provide a comprehensive rating of four rows of data need not reach its credit support to the basic requirements; IRB requires banks to collect, preserve customer at least 5 years of business management, financial data and non-compliance records, including 3 years of data as a basis for modeling, as the observation period of 2 years; and if the use of advanced methods , you need a longer time requirement, at least should cover a complete economic cycle, and in any case, the source of the data at least not less than 7 years. However, the four lines to conduct their own internal ratings for a short time, information systems and IT systems are imperfect, lack of historical data accumulated, the credit rating is often biased. Current financial to the credit crisis proved that the credit rating business model based on prevention of credit risk is not the most effective. The financial crisis in the United States a large number of bank failures in the United States is the global banking business loans based on credit rating pioneer. Its credit rating from Moody's 1890 evaluation of the company founder John Moody has over 100 years of history, through the corporate, banking, regulatory efforts, the external environment, the rating systems are mature and should be said, but many to credit rating as the core reference for bank loans in the current financial crisis has not escaped the fate of bankruptcy. Core of the problem is that credit ratings evaluate the borrower's operations and financial condition in the past, but borrowers in loan production, operation is the future behavior is clearly not an accurate description of credit ratings, loans to borrowers after the dynamic evolution of operational risk case, as a reference and can not effectively guard against risks. To the credit rating business model based on four major lines of credit business curb the effective development and effective support to the real economy. Four lines on the borrower's credit rating to grasp more stringent. Credit rating mainly with the size of the borrower, competitiveness, management, operational strength and financial strength, financial ability to determine the higher level, the higher the corresponding requirements. A level above as generally require the forefront of the industry is among the enterprises, but today the market has high growth and highly competitive business are few, most of the business growth, competitiveness in general, but they have stability of the upstream and downstream customers, the normal production and operation. Therefore, the four lines to this mode of operation is bound to make loans to invest money is not only scarce, living in a strong position on the loan pricing of large enterprises and groups, select the object much, loan return rate is not high, a large number of credit funds can only be used to purchase low-yield bonds, and even high-risk foreign bonds; and those who have been asking the central support, not sensitive to interest rates for SMEs, because of historical operating and financial data can not complete a lower rating or rank unable to obtain loans. Last year's financial crisis, foreign bonds purchased by the big four continue to burst a lot of huge losses and obvious contradictions have nowhere SME financing is a good example. Three,ugg boots, four lines of credit model design should be a new perspective It should be noted that 30 years of reform and opening up, China's market economy, the increasing degree. Market economy is based on transaction-based economy. In this economic form, any business needs through market transactions, or even inter-provincial, cross-border transactions to sell products, services, return of the purchase price, and eventually realize their own development and the repayment of bank loans. Determine success or failure of the transaction of business is increasingly becoming the key to success. Previous operations, financial condition of the large enterprises and groups in the future may be difficult to make a timely return for payment counterparties in trouble even bankruptcy, it will be a large number of SMEs and downstream customers with a solid and stable survival and development. Transaction-based market economy, making the banks do not need too much attention to the history of business operations and financial condition, and as long as the control of the Borrower's material procurement, product sales, money transfer, to ensure that loans are still safe. In this regard, the four-line banking has developed an unparalleled advantage. Western countries especially the United States, subject to the impact of relevant laws and regulations, the banking industry concentration is far lower than other industries, banking and more significantly with independent legal person, the characteristics of a small branch banks. The United States in 1927 introduced the In the internal states, some states do not allow banks to set up the basic branches; some states, while allowing the banks more outlets, but requires separate registration branches. Until late 1980,günstige MBT Schuhe, the total number of U.S. commercial banks more than 13,000, the average bank branch is only 3.55, operation is limited to one place. This makes the U.S. commercial banks can only take a single bank on a single customer credit management. Using this mode of operation, they rely on credit ratings, focusing on strength and solvency of their own business, passive protection against the borrower's credit risk. In 1994, the United States introduced the With the implementation of the Act, the United States began large-scale inter-state commercial bank mergers and acquisitions, network layout, showing a total reduction of the whole banking sector, branches on the rise. The end of 2004, total U.S. commercial banks reduced to 7 630, an average of 10.17 each bank has branches. Some banks have more branches, such as Bank of America, Citibank branches of the end of 2007, respectively, of 6 149, 1 055 home. With the expansion of branches, commercial banks in the United States has introduced a supply chain finance products, is turning from a simple credit control by controlling the transactions between enterprises to control credit risk, but is limited branches of the banks are still restricting their The implementation of business ideas.